在英语的语法世界里，“倒装句” 是一种打破常规语序的特殊存在。它并非为了制造混乱，而是通过颠倒谓语和主语的位置，达到加强语气、强调重点的效果。今天，我们就来深入剖析这种特殊句式，让你轻松掌握它的用法。
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一、先懂 “常规”，再谈 “特殊”：简单句的五种基本结构
在了解倒装句之前，我们先回顾一下简单句的常规结构，这样能更清晰地理解 “倒装” 的 “颠覆” 之处：
主谓（S+V）：He laughs.（他笑了。）主谓宾（S+V+O）：She reads books.（她读书。）主系表（S+V+P）：They are happy.（他们很开心。）主谓双宾（S+V+InO+DO）：He gave her a gift.（他给了她一份礼物。）主谓宾宾补（S+V+O+C）：We made the room clean.（我们把房间打扫干净了。）二、倒装句的分类：完全倒装 vs 部分倒装
倒装句根据 “谓语动词的倒装程度”，分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
完全倒装：谓语动词全部置于主语之前，常见于一般现在时和一般过去时。部分倒装：仅将谓语的一部分（助动词、情态动词等）提到主语前；若谓语无有助动词 / 情态动词，需添加 do/does/did 后再倒装。三、完全倒装：把谓语 “整个搬” 到主语前
1. 句首是 here/there/now/then/thus 等副词，谓语用表来去 / 状态的动词（be/come/go/lie/run 等）
例 1：Now comes the moment we’ve been waiting for.（我们等待的时刻到了。）正常语序：The moment we’ve been waiting for now comes.例 2：There lies a river at the foot of the mountain.（山脚下有一条河。）正常语序：A river lies there at the foot of the mountain.注意：若主语是人称代词，则不倒装。
反例：Here she comes.（她来了。）
2. 运动方向副词 / 地点状语置于句首，谓语是表运动的动词
例：Below flew a bird.（下方飞过一只鸟。）正常语序：A bird flew below.四、部分倒装：只把 “谓语的一部分” 提前
1. 句首是否定 / 半否定词
（no/not/never/seldom/little/hardly/in no way 等）
例：Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.（我从未见过如此美丽的日落。）正常语序：I have never seen such a beautiful sunset.2. not until 引导主从复合句：主句倒装，从句不倒装
例：Not until the rain stopped did we continue our journey.（直到雨停，我们才继续行程。）正常语序：We didn’t continue our journey until the rain stopped.3. so/neither/nor 表 “也（不）” 时，用部分倒装
例 1：Tom can speak French, so can his sister.（汤姆会说法语，他妹妹也会。）正常语序：Tom can speak French, his sister can do so too.例 2：I don’t like spicy food, neither does my brother.（我不喜欢辣的食物，我弟弟也不喜欢。）正常语序：I don’t like spicy food, my brother doesn’t like it either.注意：若 so 表 “的确如此”，不倒装。
例：— The cake is delicious.（这蛋糕很好吃。）
— So it is.（的确如此。）
4. only + 副词 / 介词短语 / 从句置于句首，主句倒装
例：Only by working hard can you achieve your goals.（只有努力工作，你才能实现目标。）正常语序：You can achieve your goals only by working hard.5. as/though 引导的倒装句（表 “尽管”）
这种结构的倒装比较灵活，可将名词、形容词、副词、动词原形、分词置于句首：
名词 + as/though + 主语 + 动词（名词前不加冠词）例：Student as he is, he has a lot of life experience.（尽管他是个学生，却有很多生活经验。）正常语序：As/Though he is a student, he has a lot of life experience.形容词 + as/though + 主语 + 动词例：Brave though she is, she felt scared in the dark.（尽管她很勇敢，在黑暗中还是感到害怕。）正常语序：Though she is brave, she felt scared in the dark.副词 + as/though + 主语 + 动词例：Fast as he ran, he couldn’t catch up with the bus.（尽管他跑得很快，还是没赶上公交车。）正常语序：Though he ran fast, he couldn’t catch up with the bus.动词原形 + as/though + 主语 + 动词例：Try as you might, you can’t change his mind.（尽管你尽力了，也改变不了他的想法。）正常语序：Though you might try, you can’t change his mind.分词 + as/though + 主语 + 动词例：Wounded though he was, he kept fighting.（尽管他受伤了，仍继续战斗。）正常语序：Although he was wounded, he kept fighting.6. 特殊句型（Not only… but also…/No sooner… than…/Hardly… when…/so… that… 等）
Not only… but also…例：Not only can he play the piano, but also he can compose music.（他不仅会弹钢琴，还会作曲。）正常语序：He can not only play the piano, but also compose music.so… that…例：So interesting is the book that I can’t put it down.（这本书太有趣了，我根本放不下。）正常语序：The book is so interesting that I can’t put it down.7. 虚拟语气条件句的倒装（省略 if，把 were/had/should 提前）
例：Had you taken my advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake.（如果你听了我的建议，就不会犯这样的错误了。）正常语序：If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake.练习题
一、填空题
请根据倒装句的规则，在横线上填入正确的内容。
1. ______ (come) the teacher. 老师来了。
2. There ______ (stand) a tall building over there. 那边矗立着一座高楼。
3. Never ______ (I see) such a beautiful flower before. 我以前从未见过如此美丽的花。
4. Not until yesterday ______ (he know) the truth. 直到昨天他才知道真相。
5. Tom can swim, ______ (so) Mary. 汤姆会游泳，玛丽也会。
6. Only in this way ______ (you can) solve the problem. 只有用这种方法你才能解决这个问题。
7. Child ______ (he be), he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，但他知道很多。
8. Not only ______ (she like) music, but also she can play the piano. 她不仅喜欢音乐，还会弹钢琴。
9. ______ (were I you), I would take the chance. 如果我是你，我会抓住这个机会。
10. Hardly ______ (he arrive) home when it began to rain. 他一到家天就开始下雨了。
11. Ahead ______ (sit) an old man. 前面坐着一位老人。
12. Seldom ______ (they go) to the cinema. 他们很少去看电影。
13. So difficult ______ (the question be) that no one could answer it. 这个问题如此难，以至于没人能回答。
14. ______ (go) the days when we were poor. 我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。
15. Little ______ (I know) about the matter. 我对这件事知之甚少。
16. Not until he told me ______ (I realize) my mistake. 直到他告诉我，我才意识到我的错误。
17. She can't speak French, ______ (nor) her brother. 她不会说法语，她哥哥也不会。
18. Only when you grow up ______ (you understand) the importance of family. 只有当你长大时，你才会明白家庭的重要性。
19. Successful ______ (he be), he is still very modest. 尽管他很成功，但他仍然很谦虚。
20. No sooner ______ (she leave) the room than the phone rang. 她刚离开房间电话就响了。
21. Here ______ (be) your books. 你的书在这儿。
22. In no way ______ (we give up) our dreams. 我们绝不会放弃我们的梦想。
23. Try ______ (he might), he failed again. 尽管他尽力了，但他又失败了。
24. Not only ______ (the students love) sports, but also their teacher does. 不仅学生们喜欢运动，他们的老师也喜欢。
25. ______ (run) the little boy to his mother. 小男孩跑向他的妈妈。
26. So well ______ (she sing) that everyone clapped for her. 她唱得如此好，以至于每个人都为她鼓掌。
27. Only by practicing every day ______ (you improve) your English. 只有通过每天练习，你才能提高你的英语。
28. Tired ______ (they be), they continued working. 尽管他们很累，但他们继续工作。
29. Never ______ (I forget) the day we met. 我永远不会忘记我们相遇的那一天。
30. There ______ (come) the bus. 公交车来了。
二、选择题
请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确的答案。
1. ______ a beautiful garden in front of the house.
A. There lie
B. There lies
C. Lie there
D. Lies there
2. Never ______ such a wonderful place before.
A. have I seen
B. I have seen
C. saw I
D. I saw
3. Not until midnight ______ back home.
A. did he come
B. he came
C. came he
D. he did come
4. John can play the guitar, ______ his sister.
A. so can
B. can so
C. neither can
D. can neither
5. Only when you finish your homework ______ watch TV.
A. you can
B. can you
C. you will
D. will you
6. ______ as he is, he knows a lot of things.
A. Child
B. A child
C. The child
D. Children
7. Not only ______ English, but also he can speak French.
A. he speaks
B. speaks he
C. does he speak
D. he does speak
8. ______ I you, I would accept the invitation.
A. Was
B. Am
C. Were
D. Be
9. Hardly ______ the station when the train left.
A. had he reached
B. he had reached
C. reached he
D. he reached
10. ______ the teacher came in, the students were talking loudly.
A. There
B. Then
C. Now
D. Thus
11. Seldom ______ to the park on weekends.
A. does he go
B. he goes
C. go he
D. he go
12. So interesting ______ the movie that I want to see it again.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
13. Only in this school ______ such a good teacher.
A. we can find
B. can we find
C. we found
D. found we
14. Brave ______ she is, she is afraid of snakes.
A. although
B. though
C. as
D. both B and C
15. Not only ______ us knowledge, but also he teaches us how to be a good person.
A. the teacher gives
B. gives the teacher
C. does the teacher give
D. the teacher does give
16. ______ the door than someone knocked at it.
A. No sooner had he closed
B. He had no sooner closed
C. No sooner he had closed
D. Had he no sooner closed
17. Here ______ the photos I took yesterday.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
18. In no case ______ the law.
A. we should break
B. should we break
C. we break
D. break we
19. Try ______ he might, he couldn't lift the stone.
A. as
B. though
C. both A and B
D. even if
20. Not only the students but also the teacher ______ interested in the activity.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. be
21. ______ the water ______ the fish died.
A. Such polluted; that
B. So polluted; that
C. So polluted; as
D. Such polluted; as
22. Only by working hard ______ your dream.
A. you can achieve
B. can you achieve
C. you achieved
D. achieved you
23. Tired ______ they were, they still went on hiking.
A. as
B. though
C. both A and B
D. even
24. Never ______ late for school again.
A. be
B. are
C. is
D. am
25. ______ from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.
A. Seeing
B. Seen
C. As seen
D. Both B and C
26. So quickly ______ that we could hardly follow him.
A. he spoke
B. did he speak
C. spoke he
D. he did speak
27. Only when you grow up ______ the meaning of life.
A. you will understand
B. will you understand
C. you understand
D. understand you
28. ______ for the bus, he met an old friend.
A. Waiting
B. Wait
C. As waiting
D. Both A and C
29. Not until he retired ______ fishing.
A. he took up
B. did he take up
C. took up he
D. he did take up
30. There ______ a pen and two books on the desk.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
三、句子改写题
请将下列句子改写成倒装句，并附上中文翻译。
1. I have never met such a kind person.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
2. He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
3. She can dance well, and her sister can dance well too.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
4. You can improve your English only by reading more.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
5. Although he is young, he knows a lot.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
6. If I were in your position, I would do it differently.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
7. The movie is so moving that I want to see it again.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
8. He had hardly arrived home when it started to rain.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
9. We should never give up our hopes.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
10. She not only sings well but also dances beautifully.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
11. A bird flew away.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
12. The question is very easy, so everyone can answer it.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
13. He arrived at the airport, and then the plane took off.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
14. Although she is successful, she is not proud.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
15. I have little money, so I can't buy the book.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
16. They started to work after the bell rang.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
17. The boy ran to his father.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
18. We can learn English well only if we practice every day.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
19. Although they tried hard, they failed.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
20. She has never been to Beijing before.
改写：____________________
翻译：____________________
答案
一、填空题答案
1. Comes
2. stands
3. have I seen
4. did he know
5. so can
6. can you
7. as he is
8. does she like
9. Were I
10. had he arrived
11. sat
12. do they go
13. was the question
14. Gone
15. do I know
16. did I realize
17. nor can
18. will you understand
19. as he is
20. had she left
21. are
22. will we give up
23. as he might
24. do the students love
25. Ran
26. did she sing
27. can you improve
28. as they were
29. will I forget
30. comes
二、选择题答案
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. C
9. A
10. B
11. A
12. A
13. B
14. D
15. C
16. A
17. B
18. B
19. C
20. B
21. B
22. B
23. C
24. A
25. D
26. B
27. B
28. D
29. B
30. A
三、句子改写题答案
1. 改写：Never have I met such a kind person.
翻译：我从未见过如此善良的人。
2. 改写：Not until his mother came back did he go to bed.
翻译：直到他妈妈回来他才上床睡觉。
3. 改写：She can dance well, so can her sister.
翻译：她舞跳得好，她妹妹也跳得好。
4. 改写：Only by reading more can you improve your English.
翻译：只有通过多阅读你才能提高你的英语。
5. 改写：Young as he is, he knows a lot.
翻译：尽管他很年轻，但他知道很多。
6. 改写：Were I in your position, I would do it differently.
翻译：如果我在你的位置上，我会做得不一样。
7. 改写：So moving is the movie that I want to see it again.
翻译：这部电影如此感人，以至于我想再看一遍。
8. 改写：Hardly had he arrived home when it started to rain.
翻译：他一到家天就开始下雨了。
9. 改写：Never should we give up our hopes.
翻译：我们绝不应该放弃我们的希望。
10. 改写：Not only does she sing well but also she dances beautifully.
翻译：她不仅歌唱得好，而且舞跳得也很美。
11. 改写：Away flew a bird.
翻译：一只鸟飞走了。
12. 改写：So easy is the question that everyone can answer it.
翻译：这个问题如此简单，以至于每个人都能回答。
13. 改写：Then took off the plane.
翻译：然后飞机起飞了。
14. 改写：Successful as she is, she is not proud.
翻译：尽管她很成功，但她并不骄傲。
15. 改写：Little money do I have, so I can't buy the book.
翻译：我没什么钱，所以我不能买这本书。
16. 改写：Not until the bell rang did they start to work.
翻译：直到铃响他们才开始工作。
17. 改写：Ran the boy to his father.
翻译：男孩跑向他的父亲。
18. 改写：Only if we practice every day can we learn English well.
翻译：只有我们每天练习，我们才能学好英语。
19. 改写：Hard as they tried, they failed.
翻译：尽管他们很努力，但他们失败了。
20. 改写：Never has she been to Beijing before.
翻译：她以前从未去过北京。
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